The Gravity Key
The key to understanding the structure of the universe comes from understanding how gravity works. It has taken two books to cover the topic so a blog page is only able to give the barest of brief descriptions. Gravity is the force that holds the whole universe together. There are four forces in all, two nuclear forces that only act inside the atom, electromagnetic force that binds atoms together into molecules and various compounds but this comes in both positive and negative and is more or less in balance. Then there is gravity, the weakest but most far reaching of all the forces it draws matter together to form planets and stars and even giant galaxies.
Newton’s laws of gravity state, “Every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle. With a force whose direction is that of the joining of the two, and whose magnitude is directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their distance from each other”. Because gravitational force affected by the distance from the centre of gravity, the size of an object has a direct correlation to its gravitational field. Examples of this are found by comparing Earth and the Moon or Earth and Jupiter. Earth contains 81 times as much mass as the moon but its gravity is not 81 times that of the Moon. Because Earth has a radius 3.663 times larger than the Moon, and as gravity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance we need to divide 81 by 3.6632 (13.44) to find that Earth’s gravity is 6 times greater than that of the Moon, similarly even though Jupiter is more than a thousand times the mass of the Earth its surface gravity is less than three times that of the Earth. This principle becomes important when we begin to examine the universe, when the universe had only expanded half as much as it has today its gravitational field would have been the square of what it is today.
One of science’s current aims is to discover the nature of the strange dark matter that apparently makes up ninety percent of the universe. Vera Rubin, an astronomer working at the Carnegie Institution's department of terrestrial magnetism in Washington DC in the late 1970s, noticed that galaxies should be falling apart, there is not enough mass in observed galaxies to produce the visible spin. The best response from physicists was to suggest there is more stuff out there than we can see. The trouble was nobody could explain what this "dark matter" was. Maybe we can't work out what dark matter is because it does not exist. That's certainly the way Rubin would like it to turn out. "If I could have my pick, I would like to learn that Newton's laws must be modified in order to correctly describe gravitational interactions at large distances," she says. "That's more appealing than a universe filled with a new kind of sub-nuclear particle." Each time we look at a distant object we are actually looking back in time and we are observing a denser universe with a stronger gravitational field Newton was right but at astronomical distances we must modify our calculation (Newton’s equations) of a gravitational field by Hubble’s constant (H) or the rate at which the universe expands.
There is a way to confirm that this hypothesis is correct, if dark matter is due to the expansion of the universe and the diminishing of its gravitational field there will be more of it the more distant from Earth, or further back in time that we observe. Recent astronomical observations confirm that this is in fact the situation.
Dark energy is one of the most famous, and most embarrassing, problems in physics. In 1998, astronomers discovered that the universe is expanding at ever-faster speeds, until then everyone thought the universe's expansion was slowing down after the big bang. "Theorists are still floundering around, looking for a sensible explanation," says cosmologist Katherine Freese of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. One suggestion is that some property of empty space is responsible, but all attempts to pin it down have fallen woefully short. The property that has been previously overlooked is the effect of gravity on the passage of time. Time passes more slowly in a gravitational field, when compared to an outside observer; this is known from Relativity and has been proved by experiment. What this means is that when the universe was smaller and more compact not only was its gravitational field stronger than it is today time was passing more slowly than it is today. As the universe expands becoming less dense and time accelerates our observations are distorted when we try to measure time. The expansion of the universe appears to be accelerating but it is actually our units of time (seconds) that are getting smaller (shorter) creating the illusion that the expansion is speeding up.
There are a great many other observations that support this concept and evidence that demonstrates that the hypothesis is correct. Once we can verify these known scientific results the outcome demonstrates that time travel, prophecy and prediction are not only possible but probable.
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Don’t forget to visit my website, and if you have a comment or question go to the forum, or to find out more buy my latest book.
Newton’s laws of gravity state, “Every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle. With a force whose direction is that of the joining of the two, and whose magnitude is directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their distance from each other”. Because gravitational force affected by the distance from the centre of gravity, the size of an object has a direct correlation to its gravitational field. Examples of this are found by comparing Earth and the Moon or Earth and Jupiter. Earth contains 81 times as much mass as the moon but its gravity is not 81 times that of the Moon. Because Earth has a radius 3.663 times larger than the Moon, and as gravity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance we need to divide 81 by 3.6632 (13.44) to find that Earth’s gravity is 6 times greater than that of the Moon, similarly even though Jupiter is more than a thousand times the mass of the Earth its surface gravity is less than three times that of the Earth. This principle becomes important when we begin to examine the universe, when the universe had only expanded half as much as it has today its gravitational field would have been the square of what it is today.
One of science’s current aims is to discover the nature of the strange dark matter that apparently makes up ninety percent of the universe. Vera Rubin, an astronomer working at the Carnegie Institution's department of terrestrial magnetism in Washington DC in the late 1970s, noticed that galaxies should be falling apart, there is not enough mass in observed galaxies to produce the visible spin. The best response from physicists was to suggest there is more stuff out there than we can see. The trouble was nobody could explain what this "dark matter" was. Maybe we can't work out what dark matter is because it does not exist. That's certainly the way Rubin would like it to turn out. "If I could have my pick, I would like to learn that Newton's laws must be modified in order to correctly describe gravitational interactions at large distances," she says. "That's more appealing than a universe filled with a new kind of sub-nuclear particle." Each time we look at a distant object we are actually looking back in time and we are observing a denser universe with a stronger gravitational field Newton was right but at astronomical distances we must modify our calculation (Newton’s equations) of a gravitational field by Hubble’s constant (H) or the rate at which the universe expands.
There is a way to confirm that this hypothesis is correct, if dark matter is due to the expansion of the universe and the diminishing of its gravitational field there will be more of it the more distant from Earth, or further back in time that we observe. Recent astronomical observations confirm that this is in fact the situation.
Dark energy is one of the most famous, and most embarrassing, problems in physics. In 1998, astronomers discovered that the universe is expanding at ever-faster speeds, until then everyone thought the universe's expansion was slowing down after the big bang. "Theorists are still floundering around, looking for a sensible explanation," says cosmologist Katherine Freese of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. One suggestion is that some property of empty space is responsible, but all attempts to pin it down have fallen woefully short. The property that has been previously overlooked is the effect of gravity on the passage of time. Time passes more slowly in a gravitational field, when compared to an outside observer; this is known from Relativity and has been proved by experiment. What this means is that when the universe was smaller and more compact not only was its gravitational field stronger than it is today time was passing more slowly than it is today. As the universe expands becoming less dense and time accelerates our observations are distorted when we try to measure time. The expansion of the universe appears to be accelerating but it is actually our units of time (seconds) that are getting smaller (shorter) creating the illusion that the expansion is speeding up.
There are a great many other observations that support this concept and evidence that demonstrates that the hypothesis is correct. Once we can verify these known scientific results the outcome demonstrates that time travel, prophecy and prediction are not only possible but probable.
____________________________________________________
Don’t forget to visit my website, and if you have a comment or question go to the forum, or to find out more buy my latest book.
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